SKINIPEDIA - Skin Encyclopedia: Skin Care Management

HAND PROTECTION AND SKIN CARE MANAGEMENT

What is an occupational skin disease?

An occupational skin disease is any skin disorder which is caused by a person's work. A person's existing skin disorder may also be made worse by work activities, and such cases should also be considered as occupationally related conditions.
The commonest type of occupational skin diseases is dermatitis, an inflammation of the skin.

Common causes of Occupational Skin Disease

Irritation

The commonest cause of occupational skin disease is irritation of the skin from contact with substances at work. Strong irritants (such as acids, alkalis or organic solvents) cause skin inflammation after a short period of contact. Weak irritants (such as water, detergents and coolants) can cause inflammation after repeated exposures over a longer time. Irritation may also be exasperated by the inappropriate use of gloves (cf Guidance Note 2). Repeated exposure to adverse reagents can lead to chronic skin problems, such as irritant contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is not contagious.

Allergy

Another important cause of occupational skin disease is allergy to substances handled at work. Examples of substances which can cause skin allergies are cement, metals, resins and formaldehyde. Rubber gloves and boots worn for protection may sometimes paradoxically cause allergenic reactions in some individuals. See Guidance Note 2 and also the previously published guidance on Allergies.

How can occupational skin disease be recognised?

Occupational skin disease usually occurs on the parts of the body which come into contact with work substances. Occupational skin diseases occur most frequently on the hands and forearms.

Early signs of occupational skin disease include dryness, redness and itching of the skin. If severe, the skin may become swollen and vesicles may develop. The skin may eventually become cracked, scaly and thickened. Figure 1 overleaf gives illustrated examples of occupationally caused skin problems to the hand.

These skin changes often improve when the affected individual is away from work, such as during weekends and holidays. Other individuals who do the same or similar tasks may also have similar skin problems, although this may not happen in all instances. If you notice that such an occurrence is happening, then do not continue working on a particular task or activity until you have had a discussion with your line manager. Changes to the task or activity may be required to prevent further skin damage.

Hands and Skin Care Management Part II

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